WARRaNT KG Ontology
type: Ontology
creator: WARRaNT Consortium (Horizon Europe RIA 101202581)
issued: 2026-06-05
comment: WARRaNT ontology for dependability-aware vessel operations, causal dependability modelling, assurance, Dependability Index, scenarios, mitigation, and Digital Twin integration. Covers DAVOM, CDM, Assurance, DI, Scenario, Mitigation, and DT modules. Horizon Europe RIA 101202581.
label: WARRaNT Knowledge Graph Ontology
version info: 0.9-poc

causes assurance degradation
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Class
  union of: Deviation
  union of: Hazard
  union of: Unsafe Control Action
range: Assurance Degradation

has assurance attribute
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Operational Entity
range: Assurance Attribute

has assurance score
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Operational Entity
range: Assurance Score

has attribute value
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Assurance Attribute
range: Assurance Attribute Value

has penalty
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Assurance Degradation
range: Penalty

has weight
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Assurance Attribute
range: Assurance Weight

updates assurance score
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Class
  union of: Assurance Degradation
  union of: Calculation Input
range: Assurance Score

was triggered by
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Assurance Degradation
range: Class
  union of: Deviation
  union of: Hazard
  union of: Unsafe Control Action
comment: Traceability: the Deviation, Hazard, or UnsafeControlAction that triggered this AssuranceDegradation.

acts on
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Control Action
range: Controlled Process

degrades
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Class
  union of: Deviation
  union of: Hazard
range: Class
  union of: Component
  union of: System
  union of: Vessel Function

has deviation type
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Deviation
range: Deviation Type
comment: Tags a Deviation individual with a HAZOP guideword from the cdm:DeviationType controlled vocabulary.

has environmental condition
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Risk
range: Environmental Condition

has operational context
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Causal Entity
range: Context Entity

influences
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Environmental Condition
range: Risk

is critical under
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Hazard
range: Environmental Condition

is evaluated as
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Hazard
range: Risk

is performed under
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Control Action
range: Operational Mode

issues
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Controller
range: Control Action

may cause
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Class
  union of: Deviation
  union of: Process Model Flaw
  union of: Unsafe Control Action
range: Class
  union of: Assurance Degradation
  union of: Hazard
  union of: Unsafe Control Action

may lead to
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Class
  union of: Hazard
  union of: Unsafe Control Action
range: Class
  union of: Accident
  union of: Hazard

modifies impact of
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Environmental Condition
range: Risk

modifies likelihood of
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Environmental Condition
range: Risk

prevents
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Safety Constraint
range: Hazard

provides feedback
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Controlled Process
range: Feedback

realises
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Accident
range: Loss

updates
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Feedback
range: Process Model

was observed under
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Deviation
range: Operational Mode

authorizes
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Human Operator Role
range: Control Action

carries data flow
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Class
  union of: Communication Link
  union of: Component
  union of: System
range: Data Flow

controls
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Class
  union of: Component
  union of: Human Operator Role
range: Component

dependency source
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Dependency
range: Operational Entity

dependency target
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Dependency
range: Operational Entity

depends on
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Operational Entity
range: Operational Entity
comment: Simple traversal relation between operational entities. Use reified Dependency when weight, criticality, or redundancy level must be recorded.

executes
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Human Operator Role
range: Operational Procedure

has component
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Subsystem
range: Component

has data flow
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Class
  union of: Component
  union of: System
  union of: Vessel Function
range: Data Flow

has function
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Vessel
range: Vessel Function

has operator role
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Vessel
range: Human Operator Role

has subsystem
type: ObjectProperty
domain: System
range: Subsystem

is supported by
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Vessel Function
range: System

operates
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Human Operator Role
range: System

participates in
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Human Operator Role
range: Vessel Function

performs role
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Human Operator
range: Human Operator Role

provides data to
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Component
range: Component

requires operator role
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Class
  union of: System
  union of: Vessel Function
range: Human Operator Role

supervises
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Human Operator Role
range: System

supports decision of
type: ObjectProperty
domain: System
range: Human Operator Role

supports function
type: ObjectProperty
inverse of: is supported by

uses communication link
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Class
  union of: Data Flow
  union of: System
  union of: Vessel Function
range: Communication Link

applies to
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Dependability Index
range: Vessel Function

contributes to
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Assurance Score
range: Dependability Index
comment: An AssuranceScore feeds into the node-level DI calculation.

contributes to system
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Dependability Index
range: System Dependability Index
comment: A node DI contributes to the system-level DI_sys aggregation.

has DI state
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Dependability Index
range: Dependability Index State

has propagated risk
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Dependability Index
range: Propagated Risk
comment: Associates the node DI with its PropagatedRisk value R̃_i(t).

has threshold
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Dependability Index State
range: DI Threshold

propagation source
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Risk Propagation Edge
range: Dependability Index
comment: The upstream DI node j in the propagation edge j→i.

propagation target
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Risk Propagation Edge
range: Dependability Index
comment: The downstream DI node i in the propagation edge j→i.

uses calculation method
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Class
  union of: Dependability Index
  union of: System Dependability Index
range: DI Calculation Method

executes
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Digital Twin
range: Scenario

has layer
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Digital Twin View
range: Visualisation Layer

has view
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Digital Twin
range: Digital Twin View

monitors
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Digital Twin
range: Operational Entity

receives update from
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Digital Twin
range: Data Source
comment: Documents that the DT receives live updates from analytical services, sensors, or operator inputs.

represents state of
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Digital Twin
range: Vessel

stores result
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Digital Twin
range: Scenario Execution

supports decision
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Digital Twin
range: Decision Support View

visualises
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Class
  union of: Digital Twin
  union of: Visualisation Layer
range: Visualisable Entity
comment: Range constrained to warrant:VisualisableEntity (defined in warrant-core.ttl). Do NOT use dt:VisualisableEntity.

activates
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Mitigation Action
range: Failover Procedure

addresses
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Failover Procedure
range: Class
  union of: Component
  union of: System
  union of: Vessel Function

has expected effect
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Failover Procedure
range: Recovery Effect

is triggered by
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Mitigation Action
range: Class
  union of: Deviation
  union of: Hazard
  union of: Dependability Index State

matches rule
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Class
  union of: Deviation
  union of: Hazard
  union of: Dependability Index State
range: Mitigation Rule

performs mitigation
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Human Operator Role
range: Mitigation Action

recommends
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Class
  union of: Risk
  union of: Mitigation Rule
range: Mitigation Action

uses
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Failover Procedure
range: Redundant Resource

captures
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Operator Interface
range: Operator Input

consumes
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Class
  union of: Analytical Service
  union of: Virtual Sensor
range: Metric

detection event detects
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Detection Event
range: Deviation
comment: The terminal step of the production chain. A DetectionEvent identifies a specific Deviation individual.

detects
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Detection Event
range: Deviation
comment: SPARQL shortcut traversal property only. Domain is DetectionEvent (not AnalyticalService or Measurement directly). Production pattern: use obs:producesDetectionEvent + obs:detectionEventDetects.

estimates
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Virtual Sensor
range: Metric

has data quality
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Class
  union of: Human Observation
  union of: Measurement
  union of: Operator Input
range: Data Quality Indicator

has dependability metric
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Operational Entity
range: Metric
comment: Associates a metric with an operational entity (Component, System, VesselFunction, HumanOperatorRole, DataFlow, CommunicationLink).

has measurement
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Metric
range: Measurement

has source
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Evidence Entity (Observation)
range: Data Source
comment: Source of a measurement, observation, or analytical output.

indicates
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Measurement
range: Status

measures
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Observer
range: Metric

observes
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Class
  union of: Human Observation
  union of: Observer
range: Class
  union of: Metric
  union of: Status

presents
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Operator Interface
range: Class
  union of: Alert
  union of: Metric
  union of: Status

produces
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Class
  union of: Analytical Service
  union of: Virtual Sensor
range: Class
  union of: Status
  union of: Virtual Sensor Output
comment: Range is Status or VirtualSensorOutput. cdm:Deviation is NOT in the range — deviations are reached only via the DetectionEvent production path.

produces detection event
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Class
  union of: Analytical Service
  union of: Detection Rule
  union of: Virtual Sensor
range: Detection Event

supports detection
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Measurement
range: Detection Event
comment: A measurement provides evidence contributing to a detection event.

supports detection of
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Observer
range: Detection Rule

affects
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Class
  union of: Deviation
  union of: Hazard
  union of: Scenario
range: Class
  union of: Component
  union of: System
  union of: Vessel Function

causes
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Scenario
range: Class
  union of: Hazard
  union of: Risk

has execution state
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Scenario Execution
range: Dependability Index State

has scenario execution
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Scenario
range: Scenario Execution

has scenario parameter
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Scenario
range: Thing

has scenario result
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Scenario Execution
range: Scenario Result

has trigger
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Scenario
range: Class
  union of: Deviation
  union of: Environmental Condition
  union of: Event Trigger
  union of: Failure
  union of: Threat

has attribute value number
type: DatatypeProperty
domain: Assurance Attribute Value
range: decimal

has penalty value
type: DatatypeProperty
domain: Penalty
range: decimal

has score value
type: DatatypeProperty
domain: Assurance Score
range: decimal
comment: The computed assurance score A_v(t). Stored by the external calculation service.

has weight value
type: DatatypeProperty
domain: Assurance Weight
range: decimal

has acceptability
type: DatatypeProperty
domain: Risk
range: string

has impact
type: DatatypeProperty
domain: Risk
range: decimal

has likelihood
type: DatatypeProperty
domain: Risk
range: decimal

has risk level
type: DatatypeProperty
domain: Risk
range: string

has severity
type: DatatypeProperty
domain: Risk
range: decimal

has description
type: DatatypeProperty
domain: Thing
range: string

has identifier
type: DatatypeProperty
domain: Thing
range: string
comment: A stable identifier string for the entity (e.g. VF-RN-001, COMP-GNSS-RX-001).

has name
type: DatatypeProperty
domain: Thing
range: string

has version
type: DatatypeProperty
domain: Thing
range: string

valid from
type: DatatypeProperty
domain: Thing
range: dateTime

valid to
type: DatatypeProperty
domain: Thing
range: dateTime

has confidence
type: DatatypeProperty
domain: Dependency
range: decimal

has criticality
type: DatatypeProperty
domain: Dependency
range: string

has dependency weight
type: DatatypeProperty
domain: Dependency
range: decimal
comment: Structural weight of this dependency, mirrored at the DI level by di:hasRiskPropagationWeight on a RiskPropagationEdge.

has latency
type: DatatypeProperty
domain: Dependency
range: decimal

has redundancy level
type: DatatypeProperty
domain: Dependency
range: integer

calculated at
type: DatatypeProperty
domain: Class
  union of: Assurance Score
domain: Class
  union of: Assurance Score
  union of: Dependability Index
  union of: System Dependability Index
range: dateTime

has beta weight
type: DatatypeProperty
domain: Dependability Index
range: decimal
comment: The risk sensitivity coefficient β for this node in DI_i = A_i - β·R̃_i.

has DI value
type: DatatypeProperty
domain: Dependability Index
range: decimal
comment: The computed node DI_i(t) value.

has lower threshold
type: DatatypeProperty
domain: DI Threshold
range: decimal

has propagated risk value
type: DatatypeProperty
domain: Propagated Risk
range: decimal
comment: The computed R̃_i(t) value.

has risk propagation weight
type: DatatypeProperty
domain: Risk Propagation Edge
range: decimal
comment: The weight w_ji on this propagation edge, corresponding to davom:hasDependencyWeight on the structural Dependency.

has system DI value
type: DatatypeProperty
domain: System Dependability Index
range: decimal
comment: The computed DI_sys(t) value.

has system weight
type: DatatypeProperty
domain: Dependability Index
range: decimal
comment: The aggregation weight γᵢ for this node in DI_sys = Σ γᵢ·DI_i.

has upper threshold
type: DatatypeProperty
domain: DI Threshold
range: decimal

has confidence value
type: DatatypeProperty
domain: Class
  union of: Confidence Level
  union of: Human Observation
  union of: Virtual Sensor Output
range: decimal

has external record reference
type: DatatypeProperty
domain: Measurement
range: string
comment: Key or URI pointing to the raw measurement record in an external time-series store. Prevents the KG from being used as a telemetry database.

has external time series id
type: DatatypeProperty
domain: Metric
range: string
comment: Identifier of the metric's data stream in the external telemetry platform.

has quality value
type: DatatypeProperty
domain: Data Quality Indicator
range: decimal

has sampling rate
type: DatatypeProperty
domain: Class
  union of: Metric
  union of: Observer
range: decimal

has timestamp
type: DatatypeProperty
domain: Class
  union of: Detection Event
  union of: Human Observation
  union of: Measurement
  union of: Operator Input
range: dateTime

has unit
type: DatatypeProperty
domain: Class
  union of: Measurement
  union of: Metric
range: string
comment: Unit of measurement as a string. Future alignment: obs:hasUnit ≈ qudt:unit.

has value
type: DatatypeProperty
domain: Measurement
range: decimal

has execution timestamp
type: DatatypeProperty
domain: Scenario Execution
range: dateTime

has result summary
type: DatatypeProperty
domain: Scenario Result
range: string
comment: Human-readable outcome description of the scenario execution.

Assurance Attribute
type: Class
subclass of: Assurance Entity
comment: A dependability quality dimension: reliability, safety, cybersecurity, resilience, availability, maintainability.

Assurance Attribute Value
type: Class
subclass of: Assurance Entity
comment: The normalised value x_v^(k) for a specific assurance attribute of a node.

Assurance Degradation
type: Class
subclass of: Assurance Entity
comment: A reduction in assurance score caused by a Deviation, Hazard, or UnsafeControlAction.

Assurance Entity
type: Class
comment: Abstract superclass for all assurance-related entities.

Assurance Score
type: Class
subclass of: Assurance Entity
comment: The computed assurance state A_v(t) of a node. Feeds into the DI calculation via di:contributesTo.

Assurance Weight
type: Class
subclass of: Assurance Entity
comment: The weight βₖ for an assurance attribute in the node assurance formula.

Availability
type: Class
subclass of: Assurance Attribute

Calculation Input
type: Class
subclass of: Assurance Entity
comment: An input to the external assurance calculation (e.g. a normalised attribute value, weight).

Cybersecurity
type: Class
subclass of: Assurance Attribute

Evidence
type: Class
subclass of: Assurance Entity
comment: Evidence supporting or undermining an assurance claim. Informative alignment: assr:Evidence ≈ gsn:Evidence.

Maintainability
type: Class
subclass of: Assurance Attribute

Penalty
type: Class
subclass of: Assurance Entity
comment: A quantified penalty applied to an assurance attribute value due to a specific event.

Reliability
type: Class
subclass of: Assurance Attribute

Resilience
type: Class
subclass of: Assurance Attribute

Safety
type: Class
subclass of: Assurance Attribute

Accident
type: Class
subclass of: Causal Entity
comment: Sudden, unwanted, unplanned event or sequence that has led to harm (Rausand & Haugen, 2020).

Causal Entity
type: Class
comment: Abstract superclass for all entities in the causal dependability chain.

Causal Scenario
type: Class
subclass of: Causal Entity

Control Structure
type: Class
subclass of: Causal Entity

Controlled Process
type: Class
subclass of: Causal Entity

Controller
type: Class
subclass of: Causal Entity

Deviation
type: Class
subclass of: Causal Entity
subclass of: Visualisable Entity
comment: An abnormal condition relative to expected operation or data. Tag with cdm:hasDeviationType using a named cdm:DeviationType individual. Do NOT create Deviation subclasses — that pattern is deprecated.

Deviation Type
type: Class
comment: Controlled vocabulary of HAZOP guidewords. Use cdm:hasDeviationType to tag a Deviation individual.

Feedback
type: Class
subclass of: Causal Entity

Hazard
type: Class
subclass of: Causal Entity
subclass of: Visualisable Entity
comment: A system state or condition that may lead to an accident or loss.

Inconsistent Deviation (DEPRECATED)
type: Class
subclass of: Deviation
comment: DEPRECATED. Use cdm:Deviation with cdm:hasDeviationType cdm:INCONSISTENT instead. Will be removed in v0.2.0.
deprecated: true
alternative label: INCONSISTENT

Late Deviation (DEPRECATED)
type: Class
subclass of: Deviation
comment: DEPRECATED. Use cdm:Deviation with cdm:hasDeviationType cdm:LATE instead. Will be removed in v0.2.0.
deprecated: true
alternative label: LATE

Less Deviation (DEPRECATED)
type: Class
subclass of: Deviation
comment: DEPRECATED. Use cdm:Deviation with cdm:hasDeviationType cdm:LESS instead. Will be removed in v0.2.0.
deprecated: true
alternative label: LESS

Loss
type: Class
subclass of: Causal Entity
comment: Unacceptable outcome: property damage, environmental damage, loss of life, or loss of mission.

More Deviation (DEPRECATED)
type: Class
subclass of: Deviation
comment: DEPRECATED. Use cdm:Deviation with cdm:hasDeviationType cdm:MORE instead. Will be removed in v0.2.0.
deprecated: true
alternative label: MORE

No Deviation (DEPRECATED)
type: Class
subclass of: Deviation
comment: DEPRECATED. Use cdm:Deviation with cdm:hasDeviationType cdm:NO instead. Will be removed in v0.2.0.
deprecated: true
alternative label: NO

Noisy Deviation (DEPRECATED)
type: Class
subclass of: Deviation
comment: DEPRECATED. Use cdm:Deviation with cdm:hasDeviationType cdm:NOISY instead. Will be removed in v0.2.0.
deprecated: true
alternative label: NOISY

Process Model
type: Class
subclass of: Causal Entity
comment: The controller's internal model of the controlled process state. A ProcessModelFlaw arises when this model diverges from the actual state.

Process Model Flaw
type: Class
subclass of: Causal Entity
comment: A divergence between the controller's process model and actual process state, leading to an unsafe control action.

Risk
type: Class
subclass of: Causal Entity
subclass of: Visualisable Entity
comment: Evaluation of a hazard in terms of likelihood, impact, and severity.

Safety Constraint
type: Class
subclass of: Causal Entity
comment: A constraint that, if violated, may lead to a hazard.

Spoofed Deviation (DEPRECATED)
type: Class
subclass of: Deviation
comment: DEPRECATED. Use cdm:Deviation with cdm:hasDeviationType cdm:SPOOFED instead. Will be removed in v0.2.0.
deprecated: true
alternative label: SPOOFED

Unavailable Deviation (DEPRECATED)
type: Class
subclass of: Deviation
comment: DEPRECATED. Use cdm:Deviation with cdm:hasDeviationType cdm:UNAVAILABLE instead. Will be removed in v0.2.0.
deprecated: true
alternative label: UNAVAILABLE

Unsafe Control Action
type: Class
subclass of: Causal Entity
comment: A control action that is missing, incorrect, late, early, stopped too soon, or applied too long (STPA terminology).

Untrusted Deviation (DEPRECATED)
type: Class
subclass of: Deviation
comment: DEPRECATED. Use cdm:Deviation with cdm:hasDeviationType cdm:UNTRUSTED instead. Will be removed in v0.2.0.
deprecated: true
alternative label: UNTRUSTED

Wrong Deviation (DEPRECATED)
type: Class
subclass of: Deviation
comment: DEPRECATED. Use cdm:Deviation with cdm:hasDeviationType cdm:WRONG instead. Will be removed in v0.2.0.
deprecated: true
alternative label: WRONG

Agent Entity
type: Class
subclass of: Visualisable Entity
comment: Abstract superclass for all human agents: HumanOperator and HumanOperatorRole. Intentionally separate from warrant:OperationalEntity to enforce the principle that human operators are not components. The range of dt:visualises includes this class so that operator roles can be visualised by the Digital Twin.

Calculation Entity
type: Class
comment: Abstract superclass for entities that store calculation inputs, weights, results, and traceability. Numerical computation is always external; the KG stores only the artefacts.

Context Entity
type: Class
comment: Abstract superclass for operational context elements: voyage segments, operational modes, and environmental conditions.

Environmental Condition
type: Class
subclass of: Context Entity
comment: A contextual factor that influences deviations, hazards, risks, assurance scores, DI values, and scenario outcomes. Not a vessel component.

Evidence Entity
type: Class
comment: Abstract superclass for all observation, measurement, and evidence entities.

External Reference
type: Class
comment: A reference to an external standard, regulation, or guideline (e.g., IMO circular, IACS UR, DNV class notation, EMSA framework). Used to link KG elements to normative requirements without importing their content.

Infrastructure Condition
type: Class
subclass of: Environmental Condition

Network Coverage Condition
type: Class
subclass of: Environmental Condition

Operational Context
type: Class
subclass of: Context Entity
comment: A description of the operational state or setting in which a vessel function is executed.

Operational Entity
type: Class
subclass of: Visualisable Entity
comment: Abstract superclass for all operational entities in a vessel system: components, systems, functions, data flows, and communication links. Human operators are NOT subclasses of this class; use warrant:AgentEntity instead.

Operational Mode
type: Class
subclass of: Context Entity
comment: A controlled vocabulary class for the mode of vessel operation. Named individuals (not subclasses) enumerate the modes. Belongs here in the core/context module, NOT in the CDM module.

Sea State Condition
type: Class
subclass of: Environmental Condition

Traffic Condition
type: Class
subclass of: Environmental Condition

Visibility Condition
type: Class
subclass of: Environmental Condition

Visualisable Entity
type: Class
comment: Abstract marker class for any ontology entity that may be visualised by the Digital Twin. The range of dt:visualises is constrained to warrant:VisualisableEntity. This class is defined here in the core module — do NOT redefine it in the digital-twin module.

Voyage Segment
type: Class
subclass of: Context Entity
comment: A leg of a voyage characterised by a specific route segment, transit zone, or operational phase (e.g. port approach, lock transit, open sea). Belongs here in the core/context module, NOT in the CDM module.

Weather Condition
type: Class
subclass of: Environmental Condition

Actuator Component
type: Class
subclass of: Component

Communication Component
type: Class
subclass of: Component

Communication Dependency
type: Class
subclass of: Dependency

Communication Link
type: Class
subclass of: Operational Entity
comment: A communication channel supporting data exchange, control, monitoring, or coordination between vessel, shore, or external entities. First-class operational entity; may have dependability metrics.

Communication System
type: Class
subclass of: System

Component
type: Class
subclass of: Operational Entity
comment: A physical, software, cyber, data, communication, or sensor element. Human operators are NOT components; use warrant:AgentEntity subclasses instead.

Control Action
type: Class
subclass of: Operational Entity
comment: A command or intervention issued by a controller or authorised operator.

Control Dependency
type: Class
subclass of: Dependency

Cyber Component
type: Class
subclass of: Component

Cyber Dependency
type: Class
subclass of: Dependency

Cyber-Physical System
type: Class
subclass of: System

Data Component
type: Class
subclass of: Component

Data Dependency
type: Class
subclass of: Dependency

Data Flow
type: Class
subclass of: Operational Entity
comment: A flow of data between systems, components, services, operators, or digital-twin elements. First-class operational entity; may have dependability metrics.

Dependency
type: Class
comment: A typed, reified dependency node. Use when weight, criticality, latency, or redundancy level must be recorded alongside the dependency relationship.

Functional Dependency
type: Class
subclass of: Dependency

Human Operator
type: Class
subclass of: Agent Entity
comment: A person performing an operational role. Subclass of warrant:AgentEntity, NOT davom:Component. Example: a remote ROC operator or an onboard boatmaster.

Human Operator Role
type: Class
subclass of: Agent Entity
subclass of: Data Source
comment: A functional role associated with human operation (e.g. RemoteOperatorRole, OnboardBoatmasterRole). Subclass of warrant:AgentEntity, NOT davom:Component. Multiple HumanOperator individuals may perform the same role.

Human Supervision Dependency
type: Class
subclass of: Dependency
comment: A dependency modelling the oversight relationship between a HumanOperatorRole and a system or function (e.g. ROC operator supervises remote navigation).

Interface Component
type: Class
subclass of: Component

Operational Dependency
type: Class
subclass of: Dependency

Operational Procedure
type: Class
subclass of: Operational Entity
comment: A defined sequence of operational or mitigation steps that may be executed by a HumanOperatorRole.

Operator Interface
type: Class
subclass of: Operational Entity
comment: An HMI through which a human operator receives information or provides input.

Organisational System
type: Class
subclass of: System

Physical Component
type: Class
subclass of: Component

Power Dependency
type: Class
subclass of: Dependency

Procedure Dependency
type: Class
subclass of: Dependency

Sensor Component
type: Class
subclass of: Component

Software Component
type: Class
subclass of: Component

Software System
type: Class
subclass of: System

Subsystem
type: Class
subclass of: Operational Entity
comment: A decomposition of a system into a more specific functional or technical unit.

System
type: Class
subclass of: Operational Entity
comment: A technical, software, cyber-physical, communication, or organisational system supporting one or more vessel functions.

Technical System
type: Class
subclass of: System

Vessel
type: Class
subclass of: Operational Entity
comment: The maritime asset or operational vessel represented in the KG.

Vessel Function
type: Class
subclass of: Operational Entity
comment: An operational capability that the vessel must provide (e.g. remote navigation, fire detection).

DI Calculation Method
type: Class
subclass of: Dependability Entity
comment: Metadata describing the formula used to compute a DI value. Numerical computation is external; this stores method identity and version.

DI Threshold
type: Class
subclass of: Dependability Entity

DI Update Event
type: Class
subclass of: Dependability Entity
comment: A recorded event of a DI value being updated by the external calculation service.

DI Weight
type: Class
subclass of: Dependability Entity
comment: Stores γᵢ, the system aggregation weight for node i in the DI_sys formula.

Dependability Entity
type: Class
comment: Abstract superclass for all DI-related entities.

Dependability Index
type: Class
subclass of: Visualisable Entity
subclass of: Dependability Entity
comment: Node-level DI for a VesselFunction: DI_i(t) = A_i(t) - β·R̃_i(t). Computed externally; inputs, weights, and result stored in the KG.

Dependability Index State
type: Class
subclass of: Dependability Entity
comment: Operational state of a DI node. MUST be represented as named individuals (di:NormalState, di:DegradedState, etc.). Subclassing DependabilityIndexState is PROHIBITED.

Dependability Index Value
type: Class
subclass of: Dependability Entity

Propagated Risk
type: Class
subclass of: Dependability Entity
comment: Stores R̃_i(t) = Σ w_ji·R_j(t), the risk propagated into node i from upstream dependency nodes.

Risk Propagation Edge
type: Class
subclass of: Dependability Entity
comment: A reified edge encoding the risk propagation weight w_ji from upstream DI node j to downstream DI node i. Mirrors the structural dependency in davom:Dependency.

System Dependability Index
type: Class
subclass of: Visualisable Entity
subclass of: Dependability Entity
comment: Top-level DI_sys aggregating all node DIs: DI_sys(t) = Σᵢ γᵢ·DI_i(t).

Decision Support View
type: Class
subclass of: Digital Twin View
comment: A specialised DigitalTwinView for operator decision-support: presents DI state, recommended mitigations, and scenario results side-by-side.

Digital Twin
type: Class
comment: A digital representation of a vessel or system. Executes scenarios, visualises DI and failover procedures, monitors operational entities, and receives live updates from analytical services.

Digital Twin View
type: Class
comment: A configurable view displayed on the DT interface (e.g. vessel overview, function health panel, scenario panel).

Scenario Execution State
type: Class
comment: Transient execution state during a scenario run. Lifecycle: PENDING → RUNNING → COMPLETED | FAILED.

Visualisation Layer
type: Class
comment: A rendering layer within a DigitalTwinView. Instances declare which KG entities they render via dt:visualises (e.g. DI heatmap layer, hazard overlay, alert layer).

Advisory Action
type: Class
subclass of: Mitigation Action
comment: A human-directed advisory recommendation presented to the operator. All PoC mitigation instances must use this class.

Failover Procedure
type: Class
subclass of: Visualisable Entity
subclass of: Mitigation Entity
comment: A defined fallback or recovery process. In the WARRaNT v0.1.0 PoC, failover procedures are visualised or advisory — they are NOT automatically executed.

Machine-Actionable Action
type: Class
subclass of: Mitigation Action
comment: A subclass of MitigationAction representing a future automation-executable action. Defined for semantic completeness and forward compatibility. All WARRaNT v0.1.0 PoC instances MUST use mit:AdvisoryAction or mit:FailoverProcedure instead. Informative alignment: mit:MachineActionableAction ≈ saref:Command (SAREF4ENER).

Mitigation Action
type: Class
subclass of: Visualisable Entity
subclass of: Mitigation Entity
comment: An action that reduces risk, assurance degradation, or DI degradation.

Mitigation Entity
type: Class
comment: Abstract superclass for all mitigation-related entities.

Mitigation Rule
type: Class
subclass of: Mitigation Entity
comment: A rule matching a Deviation, Hazard, or DependabilityIndexState and recommending a MitigationAction.

Recovery Effect
type: Class
subclass of: Mitigation Entity

Redundant Resource
type: Class
subclass of: Mitigation Entity

API Connector
type: Class
subclass of: Observer

Alert
type: Class
subclass of: Evidence Entity (Observation)

Analytical Service
type: Class
subclass of: Data Source
comment: A computational service that consumes metrics and produces Status, VirtualSensorOutput, or DetectionEvents. It does NOT produce Deviation directly — use the DetectionEvent production path.

Availability Metric
type: Class
subclass of: Metric

Confidence Level
type: Class
subclass of: Evidence Entity (Observation)

Cybersecurity Metric
type: Class
subclass of: Metric

Data Quality Indicator
type: Class
subclass of: Evidence Entity (Observation)

Data Quality Metric
type: Class
subclass of: Metric

Data Source
type: Class
subclass of: Evidence Entity (Observation)
comment: A source of measurements, observations, operator inputs, analytical outputs, or evidence. Subclasses include Observer, AnalyticalService, and system-level data producers.

Dependability Metric
type: Class
subclass of: Metric

Detection Event
type: Class
subclass of: Evidence Entity (Observation)
comment: An interpreted event produced by a DetectionRule, AnalyticalService, or VirtualSensor indicating that a Deviation has been detected. This is the ONLY production path to Deviation: AnalyticalService → producesDetectionEvent → DetectionEvent → detectionEventDetects → Deviation. obs:detects is a SPARQL shortcut only.

Detection Rule
type: Class
subclass of: Evidence Entity (Observation)

Diagnostic Service
type: Class
subclass of: Observer

Evidence Entity (Observation)
type: Class
subclass of: Evidence Entity
comment: Observation-module superclass for all observation and evidence entities.

Human Observation
type: Class
subclass of: Evidence Entity (Observation)
comment: A human-reported observation about a metric, status, or deviation.

Human Performance Metric
type: Class
subclass of: Metric

Log Collector
type: Class
subclass of: Observer

Measurement
type: Class
subclass of: Evidence Entity (Observation)
comment: An observed value of a metric at a specific time. Raw high-frequency measurements are stored externally; only semantic events and latest states live in the KG. Use hasExternalRecordReference to link to the external store.

Metric
type: Class
subclass of: Evidence Entity (Observation)
comment: A dependability-relevant measurable property of an operational entity (Component, System, VesselFunction, DataFlow, CommunicationLink, or HumanOperatorRole). Components have metrics; they do not generate metrics.

Observer
type: Class
subclass of: Data Source
comment: An entity that observes, measures, or estimates a metric. Informative alignment: obs:Observer ≈ sosa:Sensor (W3C SOSA/SSN).

Operator Input
type: Class
subclass of: Evidence Entity (Observation)

Performance Metric
type: Class
subclass of: Metric

Probe
type: Class
subclass of: Observer

Reliability Metric
type: Class
subclass of: Metric

Safety Metric
type: Class
subclass of: Metric

Sensor
type: Class
subclass of: Observer

Status
type: Class
subclass of: Evidence Entity (Observation)

Virtual Sensor
type: Class
subclass of: Observer
comment: Software-based observer that estimates a metric from other data streams. Informative alignment: obs:VirtualSensor ≈ sosa:Sensor (software-only variant).

Virtual Sensor Output
type: Class
subclass of: Evidence Entity (Observation)

Cyberattack Scenario
type: Class
subclass of: Scenario

Degraded Operation Scenario
type: Class
subclass of: Scenario

Deviation Trigger
type: Class
subclass of: Scenario Trigger

Environmental Scenario
type: Class
subclass of: Scenario

Event Trigger
type: Class
subclass of: Scenario Trigger

Failure
type: Class
subclass of: Scenario Trigger

Failure Scenario
type: Class
subclass of: Scenario

Scenario
type: Class
subclass of: Visualisable Entity
comment: A simulated what-if case: cyberattack, failure, degraded operation, environmental, or unsafe control. The external scenario engine executes it.

Scenario Execution
type: Class
subclass of: Visualisable Entity
comment: A specific execution instance of a Scenario, with state, timestamps, and result.

Scenario Result
type: Class
comment: Stores the outcome of a ScenarioExecution: result metadata, timestamps, and references to DI states and deviation events produced during execution. Owned by this module; the DT module references but does not redefine it.

Scenario Trigger
type: Class

Threat
type: Class
subclass of: Scenario Trigger

Unsafe Control Scenario
type: Class
subclass of: Scenario

INCONSISTENT
type: NamedIndividual
type: Deviation Type
comment: Conflicting or incoherent data from multiple sources.

LATE
type: NamedIndividual
type: Deviation Type
comment: Later than expected.

LESS
type: NamedIndividual
type: Deviation Type
comment: Less than intended quantity, flow, or signal.

MORE
type: NamedIndividual
type: Deviation Type
comment: More than intended quantity, flow, or signal.

NO
type: NamedIndividual
type: Deviation Type
comment: No flow, no signal, function absent.

NOISY
type: NamedIndividual
type: Deviation Type
comment: Excessive noise or degraded signal quality.

SPOOFED
type: NamedIndividual
type: Deviation Type
comment: Data injected or manipulated by an adversary (cyberattack).

UNAVAILABLE
type: NamedIndividual
type: Deviation Type
comment: Component, service, or signal unavailable.

UNTRUSTED
type: NamedIndividual
type: Deviation Type
comment: Source, identity, or integrity cannot be verified.

WRONG
type: NamedIndividual
type: Deviation Type
comment: Wrong direction, content, or target.

Assisted Operation Mode
type: NamedIndividual
type: Operational Mode
comment: Vessel is under human control with active decision-support assistance from the Digital Twin or an analytical service.

Autonomous Operation Mode
type: NamedIndividual
type: Operational Mode
comment: Vessel is operating autonomously without active human control. Relevant to LL3 NOVA.

Degraded Operation Mode
type: NamedIndividual
type: Operational Mode
comment: One or more vessel functions are operating below normal capability; reduced-dependency fallback procedures are active.

Handover Mode
type: NamedIndividual
type: Operational Mode
comment: A transient mode during transfer of control between ROC operator and onboard boatmaster, or between automation and human. Relevant to LL4 Use Case 2 (uncontrolled handover at Kreekraksluizen).

Manual Operation Mode
type: NamedIndividual
type: Operational Mode
comment: Vessel is under direct manual control by onboard crew.

Remote Operation Mode
type: NamedIndividual
type: Operational Mode
comment: Vessel is under control of a remote operator via a Remote Operation Centre (ROC). Relevant to LL4 Seafar ROS.

Critical
type: NamedIndividual
type: Dependability Index State
comment: DI indicates a critical level requiring immediate attention or action.

Degraded
type: NamedIndividual
type: Dependability Index State
comment: DI below normal threshold; function remains operational with reduced capability.

Failed
type: NamedIndividual
type: Dependability Index State
comment: DI indicates function failure.

Normal
type: NamedIndividual
type: Dependability Index State
comment: DI within normal operating bounds.

Unsafe
type: NamedIndividual
type: Dependability Index State
comment: DI indicates an unsafe operational condition requiring emergency response.